Brian, Steve,
Thanks for your responses. I'm really trying not to take it personally. I understand you are volunteers, and I already appreciate the support and patience you have provided so far. At the same time, I want to let you know that it's still frustrating having my expectations set by other forum posts that have had similar issues resolved (albeit temporarily) while after all this time I'm still at a loss as to why my emails are being rejected. That being said, I will try to be patient if you will be patient with me. And if you invite me to be persistent, then I will be persistent!
On to the technical puzzle…
From Brian's most recent reply, he suggests that my emails are not coming from the advertised IP for my domain. This suggests that it is not an IP block issue but a DNS/delivery issue. In that case, I have the following questions:
First, email headers from previous emails that I successfully sent to the members alias (and which includes a return to myself) suggest that nothing has meaningfully changed from how my email is delivered to your servers. Why would it suddenly stop working in December?
Second, I don't understand why email delivered to your servers must come from IP addresses that match the MX records of the sender's domain. My understanding is that the MX records are for discovering delivery targets for a domain and does not necessarily have anything to do with how email is delivered from users in a domain. Assuming I have a proper understanding of MX records, why would your servers reject emails that don't come from addresses advertised in MX records? (And it would suggest that you'd have a lot more people unable to send email if you were really doing this, so I'm not convinced that your servers are even doing it.)
Third, my domain should support SPF and DKIM to authenticate sent email. Is this not being used, or is it failing, or is it somehow not sufficient?
I hope you can see where I'm coming from. The issue still seems very opaque to me. The only thing I have is a 421 error that eventually times out after several hours when the relay stops trying. My understanding from internet searches is that this is a common "soft bounce" method of rejecting spammers who would typically not stick around to keep retrying after a 421 error. If this is what your server is doing to my email, why do your servers think my email is spam?
Thanks,
Paul